Water ownership system in Qajar era: case study: Kashan and the surrounding area

The superiority of agriculture to other economic section is the main characteristic of the pre-industrial economy.  The major part of domestic production and the main occupation of Iranians have been dependent on the agricultural section during the Qajar period. The commercialization of agriculture in parts of Iranian history during the second half of the Qajar period has led to a growing dependence of Iran's economy on agriculture. Kashan during the Qajar period has been one of the areas where the economic dependence on agriculture has grown increasingly due to the decline of its industrial industries. However, despite the pivotal role of water in agriculture, especially in dry lands such as Iran, the problematization of water history and its link with Iranian history has not been markedly considered by historians and researchers. Therefore, the present study examines the water ownership system in Kashan city during the Qajar era as a " dry, low-water, and dispersed society". Therefore, the question in the present article is that what kind of water resource ownership was dominant In Kashan  as a " dry, low-water, and dispersed society" during Qajar period. What has been the role of government in this regard? Therefore, a description of the sources of water supply will be addressed, and then the exploitation method and ownership of water resources will be described further. Finally, the association of the state with the ownership of water resources in this period was evaluated; so that, a general picture of the exploiting water resources and water ownership in Iran, as an agricultural community, low-water and dry land, can be obtained through the sample of Kashan city .