Roots of Ecocriticism in the Symbolism of the Poems by Reza Barahani

The use of environmental symbols in the field of Persian literature has a long history. In Persian poetry, animal and plant symbols are abundant. Many of these symbols are used to explain the poets' individual realities or imaginations.Animal and plant symbols in Reza Barahani's poems are environmentally friendly and ecological, and are unique in their application. In the present article, it has been attempted to use the descriptive-analytic method to introduce the use of these symbols and its relation to the ecocriticism of the poetry.The following questions are answered: How are animal and plant symbols interpreted in poetry, and whether these symbols are used to explain environmental characteristics, or that human beings have used the use of these symbols as the poet's criterion. For this purpose, firstly, how the animal and vegetation symbols are applied, then the symbols are analyzed from the angle of ecocriticism in poetry. The findings show that humans in the poetry are defeated by nature, and "subversive humanism" dominates the rhetoric of animal and plant symbols.