Immigration, Human Capital Exit and Development: Comparing Iran and Turkey

Immigration can be considered one of the most important upward trends in the international arena. This phenomenon is especially important among Third World countries, as these countries are losing more human capital in the process of international human capital flows, and their development under the influence of this phenomenon will usually slow down. The main aim of the present research is to investigate the extent and mechanism of the impact of migration and exodus of human capital on the development of countries of origin, including as Iran and Turkey. In this regard, the important issue that arises is the extent of the impact of immigration on the development of Iran and Turkey. In response to this question, using the Grounded Theory, the most important immigration indicators affecting development were extracted, and it was hypothesized that the migration process was based on indicators such as the rate of migration and return, the high specialty immigrants, remmitances and foreign direct investment of Diaspora in the country of origin has had a negative effect on the development of Iran and Turkey. Considering that Turkey has a better status than Iran in immigration indicators, its development has been less damaging from immigration.