"The criterion of belief (Iman) and unbelief (Kofr) from perspective of Ash'ari, Matoridi and Fakhr razi"

The present paper has discussed the matters pertaining belief (Iman) and unbelief (Kofr) from perspective of Ash'ari, Matoridi and Fakhr razi. Wat we have understood from their books is that they hold that the reality of "Iman" is confirming by heart and the action is not part of the essence of Iman; they see the subject of Iman "wat the Prophet has said" and the position of Iman the heart. All the tree scholars believe that Iman is not increasable or decreasable. The only disagreement among them is the unity of "Islam" and "Iman"; Matoridi holds that Islam and Iman are the same, while Ash'ari and Fakhr Razi believe that Islam has a wider meaning than Iman. They see the fact of Kofr as rejection of what the Prophet has said and do not call the perpetrators of the big sins and the Muslims as Kafir. According to their opinion about Iman and Kofr, rejection of the Califs also do not entail takfir. The conclusion is that according to their beliefs, it not easy to call person as kafir.