Study of Resilience Resilience Changes in Rural Households in Two Periods of Residence in the City and Migration to Villages

This research was conducted to analyze and evaluate the effects of the rural immigrants returning on the resilience of rural livelihoods (a case study of Khawmirabad District of Marivan County). The method of this research in terms of purpose is applied, in terms of the method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of the combined method is documentary-survey method. The population of this study was all residents of the Khawmirabad district of Marivan city that regard to the subject matter of this study, household caregivers were selected as the sample. The sample was 354 people. After collecting data, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. First, for the normal distribution of data, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used. To test the hypotheses and to investigate the effect of rural immigrants returning on resiliency changes in rural areas, one-sample t-test, ANOVA, regression analysis and Friedman analysis were used.The results showed that the rural immigrants' returning on the resilience of livelihoods changes in the villages has a positive and significant effect(P=0.001). In addition, the rural immigrants' returning has a positive impact on the social, economic, physical and environmental resilience of livelihoods (P=0.001). ANOVA showed that there is a significant difference between different aspects of livelihood resilience. This means that there was the greatest difference between economic and environmental dimensions and the economic dimension has a fairly good value (3.65) but they are in a lower position than the environmental dimension (3.19). Regression analysis showed that all dimensions of livelihood resilience (social, natural, physical, financial) had a significant effect on survivor's resilience of villagers but the economic dimension predicts a greater share of livelihood resilience. In general, it can be concluded that the rural immigrants' returning has a positive effect on livelihood resilience of affected villagers.