The Endogenous and Exogenous Relationship between Ownership and Dividend Policy: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange Using OLS, PSM, GMM Estimators

In this study, a new aspect of the relationship between ownership (The endogenous and exogenous) and dividend policy has been investigated. For this purpose, data of 2080 firm-year were gathered in the period 2002 to 2016. The effect of ownership variable on dividend policy was firstly estimated as exogenous and endogenous as second. For the statistical analysis, the results were analyzed via R Software by using ordinary panel data, PSM and GMM. In both methods (OLS and PSM), the pooled logistic regression and panel logistic model model was fitted and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) were used for comparing the methods. It was observed that the p-value of institutional investors (INS) and corporate investors (CORP) is less than 0.05, so these two variables have a significant effect on the variable dividend policy in the ordinary panel data and PSM. But in the GMM, there was a significant relationship between institutional ownership and dividend policy while no significant relationship between corporate ownership and dividend policy was observed. Finally, using PSM and matching of data in comparison with the other estimators can have a significant role in improving the fitted regression and its results are more significant and will lead to more accurate estimates.