Evaluation of the possible relation between neuromyelitis optica and mumps infection in Isfahan, Iran

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammation of central nervous system in which autoantibodies are released against AQP-4 (astrocytic water channels) and diagnosed with transverse myelitis and optic neuritis. Viral infections could be pro-inflammatory agents in body organs including nervous system. Due to such inflammatory reactions, autoantibodies would cross the blood brain barrier. Therefore, recognizing the viral agents may help us to prevent and treat NMO. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible association between NMO and mumps virus. This observational study was conducted on 25 NMO patients, 30 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients and 30 healthy individuals. Serum IgG and IgM antibodies against mumps, was detected by ELISA using Euroimmun kit (manufactured by Germany). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software. IgG titer was positive in 76, 53 and 46% of NMO patients, MS patients and healthy individuals, respectively. Statistical analysis demonstrated that level of IgG was significantly higher among groups, However, IgM levels showed no significant difference. Significant increase of IgG titer against mumps virus in NMO patients and low level of IgM may indicate that an old infection of mumps in NMO patients’ life could have a possible role in the pathogenesis of NMO.