Exploring the Designs of the Seljuk and Ilkhanid Luster Ceramics and Metal Containers and Reflecting the Social Life of That Era

In the mid-Islamic centuries that culminated in the advancement of arts, pottery also moved into other artistic arenas, as a basis for artistic revitalization, to compete with the industry of making vessels of gold and silver, and the potters of this period from clay, designs and glaze were produced Luxurious containers. Since the product and any work of art originates from a community that requires that work, two types of metal containers, as well as the replacement of luster pottery, are a significant challenge in the middle ages of Islam. The purpose of this research, while investigating the characteristics and social conditions of the Seljuk and Ilkhanid, traces the influence of these social factors on the representation of designs and the form of luster ceramics and metal containers. In the present research, the authors tried to explain the process of succession of luster ceramics and competition with metal containers of the Middle Islamic Ages. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the following questions: What are the characteristics and social conditions of the peoples of the Seljuk and Ilkhanid era? And which of the luster ceramic designs and metal containers of this era have been affected by social constraints? The comparative-analytical method used in this paper is based on library studies. In addition, the analysis of these works and the reflection of their productive society have been based on sociological theories and their case has been discussed in the course of time by presenting pictures and material from the historical sources of this period. The luster ceramics studied, both in terms of beauty and shine, and in terms of decorating, color and form, were so close to metal containers that they played almost completely the role of metal containers, except in terms of mater, so that both They conformed to Islamic law and were offered at reasonable prices in comparison with metal containers. As a result, it became clear that these works are a reflection of a transition society that has witnessed developments such as industrial growth, specialization, division of labor, the emergence of new classes, luxury, the creation of innovative methods of metalworking and luster ceramics.