Application of remote sensing and fractal mathematical model in studying the behavior and variations of geomorphologic landforms of Aras river

River geomorphology is one of the determining factors and an important step in mathematical modeling of landform variations. Investigating the pattern of flow in warping intervals and geomorphic units of the Aras river, the formation processes and the process of their change are important for river geomorphology studies and make river engineers better acquainted with the trend of changes. The main objective of this research is to implement fractal dimension of geomorphological changes in the Aras River route. Using the method of controlled classification and maximum probability algorithm, the layer of geomorphologic landforms of the Aras River environment for two periods was prepared in four channels of Channelform Channel, Point Bar, Flood plain, Riverside, and Coniferous; Then, the fractal models of the environment - area and cumulative number - were used to describe the mathematical behavior of these landforms. Changes in the amount of DAP (environment-area) for the landforms in the Aras River environment in the two years of 1987 and 2018 showed that the DAP values of all landforms (other than point load) in 2018 were smaller than the DAP Landforms in 1987. Therefore, the geometric pattern of the Aral River landforms in 1987 is more irregular and more complicated than in 2018. In the case of Land Point, this figure increased in 2018 than in 1987, indicating a more regular pattern of this landform. Changes in the amount of D (cumulative area - area) for the landforms studied in the Aras River environment showed that its magnitude increased in 2018 compared to 1987, which can be D, or represents small components of a large size Or more components with small size. Regarding the survey of Landsat satellite images used in this study to extract river geomorphological landforms in the Aras River in 1987 and 2018, pixel behavior of landforms is typical of the large There is a tendency to study the landforms. Of course, in the case of the river channel, it should be noted that due to the decrease in the discharge and hence the reduction of the channel width, it can be commented on the reduction of its area.