Review of Common Therapeutic Options and Preventive Managements for the Treatment of Pediculosis Capitis

Pediculus capitis, commonly known head lice, is prevalent among children. It caused by Pediculus humanus capitis. Although P.humanus capitis is not a vector of human disease, but infestation with head lice, is a frequent community health concern and can cause social distress. Incidence is rising related to increased resistance due to inadequate and unnecessary treatments. This review article can be used as a reference to common types of treatments in pediculosis. Treatments of Pediculosis capitis were searched in available online resources and databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, SID with Persian and English keywords including pediculosis, head lice, treatment, therapy and drugs during 1990 to 2018. The available treatment options for Pediculosis capitis include permethrin, Malathion, topical and oral ivermectin, benzyl alcohol, spinosad, dimethicone and mechanical remove of head lice and nits. Any of these treatments should be selected according to age and special conditions. It should be noted that the safest and most effective treatment selected for the patient and topical drugs are preferred as first line treatment. The use of systemic drugs should be limited to cases where there is no response or resistance to topical drugs. Screening and treatment of all close contacts will be helpful for adequate management of pediculosis.