Assessment and analysis of thermal comfort in the central courtyard of Qajar houses in Shiraz

Climate change trend is at the forefront of global research priorities, so that in the case of rising temperatures in most countries, in particular, the warm and dry climate will be reduced by the presence of people in open spaces and refuge in open spaces. This reduces the health of people and diseases caused by the increase in temperature, in addition, energy consumption in buildings due to long-term use of closed space. Therefore, due to the need to provide climate solutions to improve the air quality of open spaces, this research seeks to measure the level of compatibility of the traditional courtyard with the climatic conditions in the city of Shiraz. In an attempt to answer this question, the use of a set of conditions such as percentage of open space, orientation, sky viewing angles, vegetation, water and specific materials can influence the comfort of heat and the amount of people using space. Therefore, with the aim of determining the priority of the effect of the above components, seven houses of the Qajar period in Shiraz were selected and using the ENVI-met 4 basic software, the thermal comfort level was calculated based on the PMV index. The results of the research indicate that the courtyards of the houses with the lowest visibility of the sky and the area have more shading, resulting in a better external thermal comfort for the inhabitants. However, factors such as shadowing of trees and the effect of moisture in water basins should not be ignored in stretching the rugged air of the central courtyards. The coefficients obtained from the analysis showed a significant correlation between the "average radiant temperature" and "PMV thermal comfort index" in the warm and dry climate of Shiraz. Kay words: Shiraz’s Houses, Climate wisdom, External thermal comfort, Central courtyard, ENVI-met,ghajar era.