A Rare Association of Right-sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Encephalocele: A Case Report

This is a case report regarding a 2051-gram female newborn affected by right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) presenting with encephalocele in the occipital region. The newborn was delivered by a 38-year-old mother from Darmian city, a rural district located in South Khorasan province, Iran. The CDH is an abnormality that rarely occurs with an approximate ratio of one in 3000 live births. It has been reported that 85% of the infants affected by this condition are left-sided and the classic posterolateral or Bochdalek hernia is the most common form. An incidence of 40%–50% has been reported regarding the other malformations associated with CDH, the most common of which are those involving the central nervous system. Some studies reported other rare associated abnormalities, including hepatopulmonary fusion, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, left heart hypoplasia, duodenal atresia, malrotation, and anorectal malformation. This case report aimed to mention encephalocele as another complication, which has not been reported for the CDH.