Evaluation of genetic diversity in local cultivars and genotypes of grape (Vitis vinifera) using ISSR Markers

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)  is an important fruit crop and widely cultivated because of its nutritional and economical values. For getting new cultivars with higher yield and better quality, it is essential to characterize the cultivars. Some wild species faced to genetic erosion, so determination of genetic diversity of grape cultivars and genotypes is an important task for improving breeding programs in the future. In this research genetic diversity among 75 cultivars and wild genotypes (Vitis vinifera L.) of grape with 17 ISSR primers was investigated. 132 bands were produced by 17 primer pairs, out of which 75 bands (57/58%) were polymorphic. The polymorphic bands ranged from 2 in locus UBC873 to 7 in locus UBC836. Effective number of allele (Ne), varied from 1.72 in locus UBC880 to 1.18 in UBC873. To identify the high informative retrotransposon primer combination, the amount of PIC were estimated for each primer which ranged from 0.14 for locus UBC873 to 0.42 for locus UBC880 with an average value of 0.32. Cluster analysis using Dice similarity coefficients and complete algorithm put the 75 studied genotypes in four different groups. The most genetic similarity (0.73) was observed between Jig Jiga and Black Seedless and also between Alphonse Lavallee and Black Seedless and the least genetic similarity (0.11) observed between Dastarchin and Lal Seyah. The maximum Nei genetic distance was belong to Foreign and Wild populations. The AMOVA result indicated that the within and among population diversity were 61% and 39% respectively.