Review of Safety Measures to Reduce Bicycle Crashes

Cycling has been a form of transportation for many years. It is still considered as a healthy alternative transportation and can reduce vehicular traffic congestions. Use of bicycles has been increased considerably in recent years in particular in some European countries. Safety concerns could be considered as a major factor which influences a cyclist’s decision to bicycle for transportation. Many studies have been focused on cyclist’s safety in recent years indicating the problems cannot be solved by addressing only one of the “three Es” (i.e., engineering, education, or enforcement) without addressing the others. Therefore, different groups of a society such as planners, engineers, law enforcement officers, designers, trainers and citizens should work together to identify and solve cycling safety problems. Nevertheless, the countermeasures should be applied with attention to crash causalities to be more effective. This paper reviews the cyclist-related studies and introduces the countermeasures which can reduce crashes involving bicycles.