Historical Review of Primitive Jihad during the Prophet's Hour (pbuh)

The Prophet's (pbuh) battles have been the subject of many researches. This research, by its own part, seeks to study Ghazawat and compare it with the first Jihad of the Prophet Muhammad, the jihad for the development and extension of Islam, to present a realistic picture of the Prophet's diplomacy against his enemies and their engagement with non-Muslims. Some of the Historians and their followers, some of the jurists, introduced many of the Prophet's wars for the purpose of developing Islam, and therefore allowed preemptive military actions in their diplomacy. They consider the main jihad in Islam as the primary jihad and believe that the means of war can be used to force non-Muslims into Islam. In this research, it has been attempted to analyze the factors and motivators of the Prophet (pbuh) from entering military actions and the role of jihad in the development of Islam, along with a historical review of the documentation of the jurists on elemental jihad. It seems that the historical evidencees cited by the jurists in the form of primary jihad could be ruled out and the Prophet's approach to Jihad was merely a defensive approach, and he has introduced manners, such as peacefulness, justice, peaceful engagement with other nations, and promotion of the content of Islam as the ways of passing Islam.