Frequency and Predictors of 30-Day Surgical Site Complications in Autologous Breast Reconstruction Surgery

Surgical site complication (SSC) is one of the known complications following autologous breast reconstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and predictors of 30-day surgical site complications in autologous breast reconstruction.
American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database was used to identify patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction during  2011-2015. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent perioperative risk factors of SSC.
Totally, 7,257 patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction surgery were identified. The majority of the procedures were free flap (60%) versus pedicled flap (40%). The mean age was 51 years and the majority of patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)-II (60%) and 15% of patients had BMI>35. The overall 30-day SSC rate was 6.3%. The overall frequency of different types of SSC were superficial incisional infection (3.2%), wound dehiscence (1.8%), deep incisional infection (1.4%) and organ space infection (0.6%). BMI>35 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.38), smoking (AOR=2.0), diabetes mellitus (AOR=1.67) and hypertension (AOR=1.38) were significant risk factors of SSC. There was no association with age, ASA classification, steroid use, or reconstruction type.
The rate of 30-day SSC in autologous breast reconstruction was noticeable. The strongest independent risk factor for SSC in autologous breast reconstruction was BMI>35. The type of autologous breast reconstruction was not a predictive risk factor for SSC. Plastic surgeons should inform patients about their risk for SSC and optimizing these risk factors to minimize the rate of surgical site complications.