Design and Optimization of a Three-Port Waveguide Circulator

In this paper, the design, simulation, and optimization of a three-port waveguide circulator for microwave applications in X-band frequency with low insertion and reflection losses are investigated. To operate this circulator in high power application, the design is based on the waveguide structure. The ferrite design and its location are outlined while designed and fabricated circulator has a wide band frequency range in comparison to the conventional structures. It should be noted that the design and optimization procedure are completely considered. The fabricated circulator has the input standard WR-90 flange at the center frequency of 9.4 GHz and the frequency band width, minimum isolation, and maximum insertion loss are about 4%, 20 dB, and 0.25 dB, respectively. Finally, the results of simulation and measurements are compared together and close accordance is observed between them.