A Study of Citizen's Participation in Maintaining Order and Security (Case Study: Urmia, Iran)

 Urban management faces many challenges in terms of security. Among these challenges is the concept of citizenship, participation, and citizenship rights, which has become especially important today. One of the ways of securing, changing and reforming the Physical Space of cities, and of course, more important than the physical Space of any place, is the prevailing spirit of that place, which stems from the social and human relations that are interdependent. That is, the Physical Space plays an important role in behaviors, and behaviors affect how the Physical Space of the city is used. Subject of security and cooperation with police in urban communities is very important.  Today situation of meeting needs is more complex, with increasing in urban community and tangling them. Recognition and control of security in cities requires comprehensive and thorough insight so that way we can understand the various aspects of security also we can discover hidden relationships between dimensions at different levels. In this regard, this research attempts to explore effective factors on Urmia citizen participation in maintaining order and security. Urmia is one of the cities whose inhabitants have always enjoyed peaceful and non-violent living in the distant past, with ethnic and religious backgrounds, and ethnic and religious diversity has never caused insecurity, and the inhabitants of this city with each other People and languages have been collaborating with each other to promote their city. Nonetheless, radical currents that are strengthened out of the reach of some ethnic occurrences lead to ethnic conflicts and tensions, which may eventually lead to insecurity and disorder. The study special emphasis on civil rights and awareness of civil rights also consider citizen’s membership and activity in civil society organizations.  Present research method is survey and data were collected by standard questionnaires that have been extracted from previous research. The study population is Urmia citizens who are over 18 years old and have at least intermediate education. Based on Cochran formula, the sample are 392 people.  The tool of measurement is a questionnaire, which is one of the most common and accurate tools for obtaining research data. Data analysis of this research has been done using statistical methods using SPSS software. Since the independent and dependent variables are quantitative and scale Level, the research hypotheses are evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient test. Also, using regression analysis, the role and contribution of each of the independent variables are calculated and presented in the path analysis diagram.  Urmia city has a population of about one million people, including the populous cities of Iran, which can be considered metropolitan by urban standards. On the other hand, ethnic, religious, linguistic and ... Urmia has some special problems. It is also the provincial capital with three common border strips and is constantly threatened. Data analyze results show that these variables: gender (p<0.01), age (p<0.01), language (p<0.05), education (p<0.01) correlated with public participation in security. The correlation between independent variables and tend to participation in security as dependent variable is as follows: ethnic convergence 0.536 (p<0.01), awareness of civil rights0.572 (p<0.01), feelings of relative deprivation -0.563 (p<0.01), membership in civil society organizations 0.444 (p<0.01), social cohesion 0.570 (p<0.01). Also the regressions analysis results in this study show that independent variables explain about 46 percent of dependent variable. City expansion, its multicultural and multiethnic would be created problems such as social cohesion reduction, increasing in feelings of relative deprivation. On the other hand, the weakness of civil society in public participation procurement and ignorance of civil rights causes urban secure environment face to challenges.  The results indicate that considering these factors by security officials can help to improve security in urban space, especially security participation.