A conceptual framework of contextual factors affecting knowledge transfer using meta-synthesis method

Since knowledge is currently considering as one of the most critical resources in organizations, knowledge management has an essential role in organizational success. Recently knowledge transfer has become a fast, growing, innovative, and essential research theme in the management domain. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework to have effective knowledge transfer in projects, especially transactional projects. We firstly explore, verify, and map out the key factors affecting knowledge transfer in organizations within the last decade. Secondly, a meta-synthesis approach is conducted by adopting “Wash and Downe’s” seven-step method to determine the relevant, vital factors. We identify thirty-nine effective factors classified into four categories named individual, organizational, technological, and transnational factors. The first three types of factors are effective for knowledge transfer in any projects; however, transnational factors are involved primarily in transnational projects. A breakdown structure of these factors is presented as a coherent framework. Lastly, the paper concludes with a discussion of emerging issues, new research directions, and the practical implications of knowledge transfer research.