Cytotoxicity Co-Effect of Laser with Graphene Oxide on Cancer Cell Line In Vitro

Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive approach to cancer, which is used to combine non-toxic photosensitizer and visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and destroy tumors. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of Graphene Oxide (GO)as an organic matter with many oxygen groups on photodynamic on destroying cancer cells. This study was performed on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in vitro. The study groups included the first group of drug with different concentrations of graphene oxide (333.3, 285.7, 230.7, 166.6, 90.9,
47.6 µg/ml), the second group co-drug and laser light irradiation and the control group consisted of cells treated only with laser irradiation and the control group was treated with no treatment. Cells were exposed to visible laser irradiation (405 nm) at 0.1 W / cm2. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay.  This study with research ethics code SBU/S.1397.46A has been approved by research ethics committee at Shahid Behesht University of Tehran, Iran. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the dark toxicity of graphene oxide at concentrations of less than the 90.9 μg / ml concentration had no significant effect on cancer cells. Also, laser light alone don’t has toxic effect on cells. But graphene oxide-mediated dynamic light therapy has reduced the bioavailability of cancer cells on average by 21% over dark toxicity. Results are presented as mean of three independent replications, standard error, and p< 0.05 was considered significant. In this study, graphene oxide is fully biodegradable at concentrations below a certain value, but with increasing concentration, the toxicity effect increases. With exposure to light and graphene oxide, viability decreses that it is more effective for in vivio studies.