Human geography of Gilan before the Safavids rise

Gilan has been distinguished from other regions of Iran geographically natural, human, and political. This distinction in history has affected the political developments in the region and even Iran. This paper, by studying the initial sources, while introducing the tribes living in Gilan, examined the position and contribution of each of them before the Safavids in the Gilan. To show that, with the exception of the two tribes of Gil and Deylam, other tribes also had a significant presence in the geographical area of Guilan. In spite of Internal disagreements, these tribes always defended the borders and political independence of Guilan, and sometimes were used as a professional military force in the Sassanid army, caliphs and Islamic emirs. In this research it was shown that After the Safavids dominated Gilan due to easy commuting, Kurdish, Turk and Armenian immigration to Gilan And trade and commerce development And ultimately lifestyle changes The ethnic composition of Gilan changed And like before, lost its deterrent and fierce performance.