Chubak's naturalism in "last Light" (A review of the short stories "Wooden Horse" and "Atma, My Dog" from the perspective of the School of Neutralism)

Sadegh Chubak, one of the first generation writers after the Constitutional Revolution as the most prominent Iranian writer in presenting works in the school of naturalism and flagship of this school has been able to achieve a special place in the literature of Iran. The pessimistic and black look on the events and happenings of Iranian society have been derived from components such as environmental determinism, economy and inheritance were the main elements and structure of the works of Chubak in the creation of his books. In this research, an attempt has been made, with a specific view, to highlight the effect that Chubak adopted from the school of naturalism, and analyze the effects of this school in two leading stories in "last lamp" collection, called "wooden horse" and "Atma, my dog". In this way, firstly, the relationship between the school of naturalism and the characteristics of chubak's work has been studied, then the specific principles of naturalist works in the work have been analyzed. We try to answer these mental conflicts how much the criteria and principles of the school that established by Emil Zola as the leader of the school of naturalism were reflected in this story, and has Chubak managed to create a naturalistic work in this category? This research tries by the descriptive-analytic method to show the extend of naturalism effect upon these two Chubak works.