Callus formation, regeneration and volatile constituents production in Teucrium chamaedrys tissue culture

Teucrium chamaedrys is regarded as an herbaceous perennial plant from Lamiaceae family that is used as medicinal plants and food from ancient times. Due to the recent developments in tissue culture techniques and extraction of secondary metabolites, this study aimed to investigate the explants of the Teucrium for callus induction and secondary metabolites. The interaction of Auxin hormones including 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with cytokinin hormones including benzyl amino purine (BAP) or kinetin (KIN) was used as hormonal treatments for callus induction. At the second stage, the presence of secondary metabolites in the NAA/KIN, NAA/BAP and 2,4-D/KIN -treated callus were investigated. Finally, regeneration process from the callus tissue using different hormonal combinations was performed. Our results indicated that NAA/KIN (0.5:0.5mg/L) was the best hormonal combination for callus formation . On the other hand, The obtained calli were subjected to hydrodistillation for essential oil isolation. Chemical composition of the obtained oil was analysis using GC-MS apparatus. The results showed the presence of hexanone, oxalic acid, oxime, dodecane, tetratriacontane, dotriacontane, nonadecene, neophytadine, tetradecanol, dodecane and kalaren as main callus essential oil components. Regeneration process took place in NAA/BAP (0.1:0.5 mg/l) and NAA/KIN (0.5:0.5 mg/l) for shoot and root formation, respectively.