FACTORS RELATED TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST PREGNANT WOMEN REFERRING TO HOSPITALS AND VACCINATION CENTERS IN TEHRAN

Violence against women is a universal phenomenon and has existed throughout all ages. This study aimed to clarify the dimensions of violence against pregnant women and its effective factors.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 married women who were referred to Tehran medical and vaccination centers in April to June 2018. The research method was Survey and data gathering tool were a constructed questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and statistical tests of Correlation coefficient, one way ANOVA and mean difference were used.

According to the results, 82.8% of women experienced at least one type of violence during pregnancy. Financial violence has been the most common type of violence and physical violence with 29.66% has the lowest prevalence. The results also indicate that with a significant level of 5%, the increase in women's (r = 14) and men's (r = -11) education is an effective factor in reducing physical, financial and social violence. In addition, as the men's place of birth ranges from small rural areas to major cities, the level of violence (except for the financial violence) has fallen (r = -22). Women with a rural or small township are more under violence, and with the increase in the level of cultural development of the place of residence, the amount of violence in the financial (r=171), physical (r=13) and social (r =-15) dimensions is reduced. Also, two variables of cultural attitudes that product (r=50) and prevent (r = -40) violence have had the highest relationship with the variable of violence index. In addition, the formation of cultural attitudes in women has a significant relationship with the variables of age, education, cultural development of the place of residence and place of birth, but there was no significant relationship between ethnicity of women and cultural attitudes that product and prevent violence.

According to the findings of this study, increasing the level of education of women and men, cultural development of neighborhoods and improving cultural attitudes at the family level are factors that affecting violence against pregnant women.