Cultural, economic and political relations between Mesopotamia, the Persian Gulf and India before Alexander Alexander the Great

This article examines the relationship between Mesopotamia, the Persian Gulf, and India before Alexander the Great. This is a translated article in the book The Classical and Oriental Times, published in 2016. In this article, while referring to the history of the Persian Gulf and new archaeological excavations in these areas, inter-regional communication has played an important role in the social development of these areas in the 7th millennium BC, and the type of maritime communication that Mesopotamia, South of Iran, East of Saudi Arabia, Baluchistan and India have been discussed and various aspects have been identified. Recent archaeological excavations in these areas illustrate the fact that maritime inter-regional communication played an important role in the social development of these areas in the 7th millennium BC. Concerning the tribes living in this civilization, they regard the sea as a source of nutrition and a means of communication and information, resulting in various types of social development and interregional communication opportunities.