Investigation of the Effect of Centrifugation and Electrical Shock Pretreatments on the Androgenesis Efficiency in Chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) Anther Culture

The production of double haploid plants can be used as an effective method for plant breeding. In this research, in order to produce chickpea haploid plants, 1mm-long anthers of Bivanij cultivar containing the microspores at uni-nucleate stage were isolated from suitable buds (3mm in length) and exposed to different centrifuge (150g, 300g and 600g each for 3, 6 and 10 minutes) and electrical shock pretreatments (0, 100, 150 and 200V) in the 2ml microtubes containing 1.5ml of RM-IK medium. The treated anthers were then cultured in an EDM culture medium containing 10mg/l 2, 4-D and 10mg/l silver nitrate to induce callus and embryos. Results showed significant differences between different levels of centrifugation, different levels of electric shock and their interactions for the studied traits. The highest percentage of embryogenesis was observed in centrifuge pretreatments of 150g for 6 minutes, 300g for 3 minutes, 150g for 3 minutes in combination with 150V electrical shock, 300g for 6 and 10 minutes and combination of 150g centrifuge pretreatment for 3 minutes with electric shock of 200V, while the highest percentage of plant regeneration was obtained from centrifuge pretreatment of 300g for 6 minutes and also the combination of centrifuge pretreatment of 150g for 3 minutes with electric shock of 150V.