In order to investigate the relationship between agronomic and morphological traits affecting wheat yield, two genotypes of wheat (Gasspard cultivar and DN11 line), along with generations of crosses (F1, F2, F3, BC1 and BC2), were examined in a randomized complete block design with three replications in normal and water deficit conditions in two consecutive years in the field of Research Institute of Nuclear Agriculture of Karaj. Stepwise regression analysis showed that straw yield was the first trait that entered the model and alone explained 46% and 65% of grain yield per plant in normal and water deficit conditions, respectively. Following this trait, under normal conditions, number of grain per spike, 100 grain weight, number of tiller per plant and number of spikes per plant had the high effect on grain yield per plant, explained about 78% of the total variation. In water deficit condition, the number of grain per spike, number of spikes per plant, 100 grain weight and days to maturity justified 92% of the grain yield per plant. The results of path analysis showed that in normal conditions, 100 grain weight, grain number per spike, tiller number per plant, straw yield and number of spike per plant and in water deficit condition, number of spike per plant, number of grain per spike, 100 grain weight and straw yield had the most direct effect on grain yield per plant.
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