Anthropological Study of the Elements of Witchcraft in the novel of From Drowning by Moneer Ravanipoor

Anthropology is the knowledge of people, their culture and their life history, which have many subcategories. It is necessary to mention the religious anthropology that is one of them. The field of religious anthropology is the belief of different societies about supernatural and their emergence. Magic also forms an important part of the religious belief system. The novel of From Drowning , with its  widespread fame, was written by  Monir Ravanipoor who is one of the great Iranian writers in  the folk tales of Iran that is rooted in the ancient beliefs and the beliefs of  people.  They are the stories of people who inevitably engage in magical behaviors in the face of an unknown metaphysical force. According to research conducted in ancient Iran and primitive religions, these behaviors were divided into two categories: black magic and white magic. The former was despicable and obscene, and the latter acceptable and approved. This article first deals with the definition and characteristics of magical tools consistent with religious anthropology, and then provide the textual evidence. The findings show that various tools such as "magic, spell, salt, spandex" have been used to counter the black magic of magical characters such as "Blue, Boosalame, Disengro, and Majesty" are of the mgical tools such as Magic, Talisman, Salt and Sepand.