Explanation of cognitive characteristics the relationship between politics and space in post positivism methodology

the human science, one concept may be having some definition or even may be this narration was contradiction with each other in different philosophical schools. Therefore, explanation of one concept or relationship in different cognition schools has very great importance. From philosophical aspects in human science, theoretical structure has very fundamental role in cognition. In other word, ontology, cognition and methodology of one concept is deficient or uncompleted without determination of theoretical structure. In this field, in the geographical sciences; relationship between politics and space as very important paradigm in the geography could be taken different meaning in different cognition schools. Space consists of bilateral relation between human and environment. Geographical sciences analyses this space and its issues with human and physical dimension. Between different aspects of Geographical space, political dimension and executive is more important than another dimension. In other word, this dimension and its ideological framework for resolve the issues in the space in different cognitive methodology could be were differed. In the evaluated of Geographical studies from the 1970s with the arrival of Marxist ideas in Geography A number of geographers turn away from focusing on quantitative methods and ecological studies. in the Positivism school, space was considered as perceptual thing. In other word, researcher should be use from their sense and their experience for detection of thing in space. before that, Dominance methodological in geographical studies was defined in positivism school. In this school, researcher should not involve his ideology or his culture for discovering of truth. While, in post positivism thinking quantities’ planning is not nothing except "false consciousness". In post positivism school, meanings, ideas, theories, the whole of them obtain their objectivity and ostensible concept by dominant power and ideology. In this school, geographical spaces also are derived from dominant ideological and power. In structuralism philosophy Major assumption is that invisible force in behind of any symbol in the space that were caused any symbol in space are emerged. So, the space concept does not have actual objectivity. Since the 1970s was conducted a serious theoretical criticism on the quantitative methodology in Geography. This time, the philosophy of geography was full of political and ideological conflicts. This time due to the cognitive shift in geographical sciences among the different dimensions of geographic space. The political dimension of space as one of the most important dimensions of space was more important to resolve these challenges. So, in this article, have been struggled to understand the relationship between politics and geographical space in post positivism methodology and was analyzed the effectiveness of understanding this relationship in post positivism methodology.

This research has fundamental approaches in the philosophy of geography and for compilation of information has been referred to valid document and bibliography. In this research were struggled with descriptive and analytical approaches, in first step was defined space concept and cognition. Then, the space definition has been accorded with characteristics of post positivism cognition school.

As mentioned, in the definition of geographical space concept, one of the important aspects of production and changes the geographical space is resulting from political power. So that, politics and ideology as a process and geographical space as the form and context is always interconnected with each other. In other words, any action that knowingly or unwittingly crosses with political power considered as political action and therefore spatial structure is the production of political processes. Generally, the main functions of post positivism for understanding the relationship between politics and geographic space is as follows:1- Changing in geographic space phenomena are affected largely by political power and patterns of society. Although the trend of geographical space not to be studied form just one-dimensional. However, Discourse merely not take consider as abstract ideas, in realistic approaches they are as previous existence that takes precedence over any other discovery. So any phenomenon into geographical space is dependent to a discourse. On the other hand, coordination between different levels of space planning regardless of dominant power cannot be achieved in a sustainable way.2- Studies Methods for relationship between politics and geographical space is far from qualitative method and there is no character reproducibility on it. because space necessary is affected by the changing ideologies and political actors. since the change of power and discourse cannot be predicted. Thus, changes in spatial phenomena cannot be identified and predicted and incommensurability of discourses in different historical periods it is one of the inevitable consequences. So in future studies for recognition of relationship between politics and space in trans positivism is needed Genealogy approach. In this approach, since there isn’t accurate knowledge about the future of geographical space changes as a result of political power transition. In this context, recognizing changes various aspects of geographic space-based genealogy of power is carried out through the following steps. A) break points of discourse should be Determined until its historicity be understood. B) Period time should be Determined when the discourse has impacts with current framework on the other aspect of geographical space.

As was said, Space is major paradigm in geographical sciences and different aspect of geographical sciences read relation between human and environment that produce the space. But as was said, space has different meaning in distinct cognition schools. In other word, every school for resolve the issue in the space could be make different solution. So, solutions that presented by post positivism are distinct from solutions that was presented by another methodology. Form another side, the evolution of human wisdom considers, collective action coordinated as only way to overcome on the issues in the geographical space. So, studies between politics and space is obtained only by authority and the rule of one class as political dominant over the another of social classes. As a result, for studying of ideology and political construction effects on other dimensions of geographical space must be used from post positivism methodology.