Comparative Study of Symbolic Concepts of Persian and Chinese Gardens with Emphasis on Religious and Ethical Principles

culture, customs and religious beliefs are three factors that have had a great influence on the formation of ancient civilizations, including Iran and China. The Role of different religions in these civilizations has leaded to the formation of different concepts over time. The application of these concepts in the symbols and the formation of the Spatial spaces of gardening of these two civilizations can be investigated. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the codes used in the Spatial structure of Iranian gardens (Islamic period) and Chinese gardens (Taoist and Buddhist periods) and how is related to the religious beliefs of these two civilizations. In this article, first investigate the codes, its types and the way of the emergence and display of symbolic elements in Persian and Chinese garden, and Final, considering the association between the codes used with the religious beliefs of civilization and its creators, a comparative study of codes has been done in Iranian and Chinese gardens. The Present research is a kind of qualitative research which descriptive-analytical and historical interpretive methods have been used in collecting the data and in analyzing the data the logical reasoning method is used. This paper deals with a layered approach and focuses on the effects of codes derived from religious beliefs on comparative Study of landscapes in Iranian and Chinese gardening. The findings of this research indicate that with differences approach to nature, historical roots, social environments, cultural backgrounds, climatic factors and religious effects in the general and specific codes, the Iranian and Chinese gardens had been developing since the beginning of their formation in different ways. However, despite the difference in the religious beliefs of the two species of examined gardens, can observe the beliefs of people in the physical and spatial structure of both gardens.