Dietary Pattern in Patients with Preeclampsia in Fasa, Iran

Preeclampsia is one of the causes of mortality and high-risk pregnancies that endangers the health of mothers in the developing countries.

The current study aimed at investigating the nutritional pattern in women with preeclampsia.

The current cross sectional study was conducted on 182 pregnant women (82 patients with preeclampsia and 100 healthy subjects) selected using easy sampling in Fasa Vali-e-Asr Hospital in 2016. The dietary intake was evaluated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the intensity of day-night activities by a physical activity questionnaire. Anthropometric indicators were calculated according to standard guidelines, measurement, and body mass index. Dietary patterns were characterized by a factor analysis and its relationship with preeclampsia was investigated by logistic regression method.

Two unhealthy and healthy dietary patterns were identified among individuals. In the crude model and after adjusting the effect of confounding variables of unhealthy dietary patterns, no significant relationship was observed between dietary pattern and preeclampsia. In the fourth compare to the first quartile of the healthy dietary pattern, the chance of preeclampsia was 0.219 (95% CI: 0.090 - 0.528, P = 0.001) crude model and 0.178 (95% CI: 0.059 - 0.530, P = 0.002) adjusted model.

The findings indicated that choosing a healthy dietary pattern was associated with a reduction in the risk of preeclampsia. Regarding these results, prevention of preeclampsia maybe possible by the healthy diet recommendation. The occurrence of complications in the mother, the fetus, and the baby in the future can also be prevented through the same way.