The Study of Symmetrical Motifs and Patterns in the Hittite Bas-Reliefs

Symmetry is an analytical tool, used in recognition of intercultural relations as well as artistic objects comparison. It was first appeared in archaeological research since 1900’s by studying the patterns that were depicted on the potteries. Various cultures (different historical periods) have various symmetry tastes. Some kinds of cultural changes are reflected in changes in symmetry preferences and/or in the presence of a new type of symmetrical pattern. The purpose of this research is to study the transformation or continuity of culture in historical periods of Hittite civilization based on the symmetrical pattern. The present research, based on the study of the written sources and the study of sculpture and bas-reliefs of the Hittite civilization regarding the mathematical nature of the symmetrical pattern, shows that the first signs of the use of symmetry in the art of this civilization have been introduced during the Great Hittite kingdom. In this period, there were various kinds of translation, Bi-lateral, Reflection, and Rotation symmetries in motifs, which seem to be rendered consciously, non-random and with a specific purposes. The presence of a new type of symmetry pattern during the Neo-Hittite period is likely to be as the result of a change in environment or the settlement pattern.