Antifungal Activity of Cuminum cyminum and Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oils on wheat infected by Bipolaris sorokiniana

Common root rot, induced by Bipolaris sorokiniana fungi is one of the most important diseases in wheat, which due to terrestrial of this disease, is not easily neutralized by the chemical control. In this study the effects of cumin, rosemary and combined essential oil of both plants on growth of wheat plant under disease stress induced by Bipolaris sorokiniana was evaluated. Essential oil extraction was performed by hydro distillation method with Clevenger. After obtaining essential oil, the compounds were separated by mass spectrometry – chromatography (GC-MS), which the major component of the essential oil of cumin was 3-caren-10-al (13.27%), for rosemary was 1R-à-Pinene (14.82%), as well as 3-caren-10-al (12%) was the major essential oil of combine with each other. The results of present study showed that the combined essential oil of cumin and rosemary had the highest effect in prevention of decrease in root length, root dry weight, leaf area and decrease in fungal growth. However, essential oil of cumin had a significant effect in protection of shoot dry weight as well as relative water content (RWC) of leaves under disease stress. There was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between studied growth parameters.