The Comparison of Modernization Process in Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mustafa Kamal Ataturk's era

Reza Shah Pahlavi in Iran and Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in Turkey, after almost the same period of time, came to power, they implemented their modernization actions. The similarities and differences between the societies of both countries and the type of coping and acceptance of modernity have led to a different fate in the discussion of the process of modernization. These two political leaders in an attempt to move the people towards the West in a manner that unifies and assimilation the people for the purpose of applying their ideas to the unconditional fulfillment of their modernization pattern. Both Reza Shah and Ataturk intended to move people to modernization in the process of command and from above. The comparison and comparative study of Reza Shah and Ataturk's actions reveals many similarities, but given these similarities in terms of the theoretical approach and the relative effectiveness of Iran from Turkey, we are seeing more differences in the intensity and variety of these actions. In this paper, we seek to answer the main question: Why, despite the similarity of the theoretical approach, modernization during the reza Shah era found a different fate than modernization during the era of Ataturk? Considering the main question, the main hypothesis is the difference in the functioning of the institution of religion in relation to the government along with other factors, which led to the failure of modernization in the period of the Reza Shah Pahlavi compared with the modernization during the period of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.