The applicability and Typology of Modern Policing Patterns: Adaptive, Networking, and Innovation Patterns

The study aims to gain a comprehensive view of the applications, goals and outcomes, typology and causes of each of the new approaches to adaptive policy making, policy making networks, and innovative policy making (innovative policy dissemination) through literature review. After the introduction of the stepwise process or cycle of public policymaking, there was much criticism of this approach and in recent years, new approaches have been introduced, including the dissemination of innovation, adaptive policymaking, and policymaking networks to cover the gaps of the step-by-step approach. The research through a structured review of 181 articles including 75 articles on adaptive approach, 57 articles on network approach and 49 articles on innovation approach reveals that these approaches have specific applications, goals, and areas, and are formed for a variety of contextual reasons. Therefore, none of these approaches can be used as a complete replacement for the stage approach and the use of these approaches must take into account contingent conditions, including the aims and results of the approach, the scope of the approach, and its applications.