Nowadays, due to population growth, climate change impacts, hydrological uncertainty, and increasing water requirements, society, more than ever, needs to have an accurate integrated management to supply its demands in different parts such as agriculture, hygienists, and industry. One of the fundamental steps in performing an integrated water resources management in a wide basin, and supplying its demands is the optimum conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater. In this regard, in this study, the optimum utilization of surface water and groundwater resources is applied in Najafabad plain in Gavkhooni basin, which is one of the most important sub-basins due to the following reasons: (1) its contribution to supplying the agricultural needs of the basin, (2) having negative balanced problems and loss of quality and quantity of groundwater resources, (3) having certain complexity in terms of nutritional conditions and interaction between water surfaces such as Zayandehrud River. To solve the problem, the simulation-optimization method using Artificial Neural Network model for simulating and Honey-Bee Mating algorithm as the optimization model was applied. After training Artificial Neural Network model with 276 rows of data from the last 23 years, the optimization model was developed due to different constraints such as water resources capacity, drawdown of water table in aquifer, maximum amount of surface water, and ground water. To create an optimal utilization model, after linking simulation model and optimization models, an operating policy including 3 scenarios with different climatic conditions was developed. The results showed that selected simulation model with R2 above 95 percent and less than 8 percent error in the validation of the model for forecasting has a good performance in simulating the aquifer behavior. In addition, results show that the model can improve the mean groundwater level in three different climatic conditions: wet, normal, and dry years in the left region to the 2.3, 0.75, 1.36 meters and in the right region to the 2.14, 1.14, 0.8 meters, respectively.
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