Effects of polyploidy induction on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Carum carvi L.

Carum carvi L., an herbaceous plant, one year old, belongs to the Chadian dwarf, has antimicrobial and fungicidal effects, which is mainly due to the effects of thymol composition. The induction of polyploidy using mutagenic chemicals has been used as one of the methods for modifying medicinal plants to increase the production capacity of secondary metabolites. In order to investigate the effects of polyploidy induction on Sistan seedlings, a factorial in a completely randomized format using Colchicine (0.2, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 g/l) and treatment duration (6, 12 and 18 hours) and after obtaining the best concentration and best treatment time, tetraploidy plants and control plants were studied for morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. The results of analysis of variance showed that tetraploid induction was significant on plant height, stem diameter, flower number, number of lateral branches, root diameter, fresh weight, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, peroxidase, catalase, total protein and flavonoid. The results of this study showed that 0.5 g/l concentration and 6 hours duration is the best treatment for ploidy induction in the plant. The number of chromosomes of the diploid plants was 18 and in the tetraploid plants was 36 Therefore, it can be argued that colchicine is effective in inducing polyploidy in a plant. In general, the results of this study showed that tetraploidy plants excelled in terms of quantitative traits, especially anthocyanin, peroxidase, catalase, flavonoids and total protein relative to diploid plants.