The pattern of Negotiation in the Prophet Mohammad’s Syrah

In the modern world, negotiation is one of the most important means of achieving the goals and interests of political actors, especially governments, and is an important part of political discipline. Most of the national goals is achieved through the optimal application of the principles and techniques of negotiation based on the elements of the actors' power involved. Therefore, Islam, which espouses a special focus on the core of politics, has broadened its rationale to meet the various political needs of Islamic society, including foreign policy and diplomacy. Applying theoretical and documentary analysis with the aim of explaining the principles governing the scope of the Prophet Mohammad's negotiations, the authors try to answer this question: what is the relevance of the Islamic negotiation and concluding treaties in the Shia Islamic political-jurisprudential discourse focusing on prophetic tradition? In other words, what principles should be followed in the process before, during, and after the negotiations, in order for the negotiation to be Islamic and endorsed by religion? To answer this question, considering different theories on negotiation, paying attention to the monotheistic worldview and the re-reading of the function of Islamic diplomacy specialty based on the governmental Syrah of the prophet Mohammad (PBUH), this article articulate conceptual model of desired negotiation from the prophet Mohammad’s (PBUH) perspective. The findings of the article shows that these principles fall into the context of the interaction environment in three phases: laying the foundations of principles, comprehensive diplomacy, and diplomatic consolidation.