Genetic Analysis of Some Physiological and Yield Traits in Wheat by F3 Families Analysis under Normal and late Season Water Deficit Conditions

Identification and selection of appropriate breeding methods and use of correct and applicable selection criteria for introducing resistant cultivars to water deficit stress is very important. In order to study the inheritance of physiological and agronomical traits in wheat, 50 F3 lines along with parents and F1 generations in a randomized complete block design with three replications under normal and water deficit conditions for two consecutive years were examined. The results showed that there are significant differences between and within the F3 families for all traits in two environments. So there is a lot of genetic variation for these traits. Gene effects in two different humidity conditions did not change significantly, and the genetic component of diversity in all traits in two environments was much larger than that of environmental diversity. In 100 grain weight, plant height, spike length, number of grain per spike, number of spikelets per spike and grain diameter in both environmental conditions, the result of narrow since heritability shows a moderate level indicating a greater role of additive variance in controlling of these traits, therefore, for improving of these traits, selection can be done in early generations. Grain yield per plant in both environmental conditions, showed high broad since heritability but low narrow since heritability, which indicates that, inheritance of this trait under genetic control, but it is not controlled by additive effects and, on the contrary, dominance effects play important role in controlling of it.