Analysis of Rhetorical Fields in Saadi's Works and Their Generalization in Persian Language and Literature

In order to understand the rhetoric of the Persian language and to discover its rules and principles, it is necessary to study and analyze its syntactic structures. By this manner, the order of syntactic structures in normal status can be recognized the changes that happen due to rhetorical purposes could be distinguished; because the syntax structures, which are the various orders of the components, are forming according to meaning and rhetorical purposes. Any kind of "change in the grammatical position of the components", "change in sentence form" and any "deletion or addition" in the word are the result of rhetorical purposes. This article focuses on Sa'di's work as a prominent example of Persian rhetoric, examining the most important fields of rhetoric through which the transfer of meaning and the induction of rhetorical goals take place. The purpose of this research is to identify the general fields of Persian language syntax in inducing rhetorical goals, each of which can include many instances. It also attempts to show what meanings and purposes are usually expressed with each of these capacities. The results show that "displacement of word components", "change in structure and formation of sentences” and "syntactic increase and decrease" are the main means used to express rhetorical purposes in Persian syntax.