Explanation of the Role of Anthropological Foundations of Secular Politics in Realization of Citizenship Rights and Its Comparison with Islamic Foundations

Citizenship rights are among the necessities of human society and governments make policies about them based on their anthropological foundations. The current study aims at answering the question that what roles do anthropological foundations of secular policy play in the realization of citizenship rights and what is its difference with Islamic foundations? In the present study, the latter issue has been assayed based on a comparative analysis method. The research findings show that the citizens in secular policy are condemned to natural and human law and are selfish and egotist and free from divine values; this policy believes in multifaceted essence of human beings and defends the material interests and power. Thus conceived, citizens seek to reach the utmost pleasure via the domination of reason over the religion and denial of Perfect Man. This materialistic picture of human being has caused the politics to be limited to human material rights and welfare and in this way man becomes bogged down in the swamp of carnal desires; but in Islamic politics, man is defined based on monotheism and human virtues and the world is described as the farm of otherworld. Seen from this perspective, true citizenship freedom can be merely achieved via monotheism. Moreover, all primordial aspects and needs of man are taken into account and everything is arranged for the administration of justice and regulation of individual and social affairs and human worldly and otherworldly happiness. Therefore, Islamic worldview, contrary to secularism, enjoys a comprehensive knowledge of human rights and needs.