The Status of the Social Right of Citizenship According to Timurid Government Structure (1369-1505 A.D.)

Social right is one of the components of the rights of citizenship that attend to the welfare and social security of citizens. This right includes: the construction and reconstruction of cities and villages; the existence of various guilds; and the rules and enforcement of laws. The research question is: How was the social right of citizenship during the Timurid period to be regarded as theoretical and practical by the rulers, given the governance structure of this dynasty? Thus, the aim of the study is to explaining the components of civil rights of citizens in the Timurid period. It was used to study the variables of citizenship rights and the Timurid rule, the descriptive-analytical and historical-documentary method according to style of collecting library information. After analyzing the components, these results were obtained: The social right of citizenship or the welfare and social security of citizens under the rule of Timurid was dependent on periods of peace or war. Timurid in the time of peace, for prosperity, they not only did emigrate many architects, artists and industrialists from other cities to Samarkand and Herat; they also issued commemorations for reclaiming the lands and not migrating villagers to other cities. With the flourishing of different cities and places, they were formed different types of guilds, such as architects, artists, astronomers, physicians, tradesmen and industrialists in this period. The current laws on them were based on two customary rules (Yasa Chingiz) and Shari'a (Islamic law); but gradually, in during the Shahrokh era, the laws were only applied on the basis of Islamic religious principles. So, in the period of peace, strict monitoring on the implementation of decrees and laws issued has caused the growth and prosperity of the cities and the prosperity of villages especially in Khorasan. Thereinafter, the guilds flourished. But, with the weakness of the central government and the disorderly resulting from it, it went down to monitor laws and enforce decrees, and this caused to exploit the agents and executives, As a result, the citizens were abused by them. So, the social right of citizens during the Timurid period was in direct relation with the structure of Timurid goverment and central authority.