The Identicalness of Divine Essence and Attributes in the Thoughts of Avicenna, Shaykh al-Ishraq and Mulla Sadra

Belief issues are the foundation of human’s thinking, and all his beliefs, thoughts, and manners are formed based upon his beliefs. It is on this basis that the condition of acceptance in discussions of belief is to rely on arguments, reasoning, certainty, and knowledge. Focusing on the identicalness of the Divine Essence and attributes in the thought of sages (hakims) and using philosophical sources and the library method, the present paper attempts to scrutinize monotheism in attributes from the viewpoint of sages such as Avicenna, Mulla Sadra, and Shaykh al-Ishraq. This research indicates that the correct view of how the Almighty Necessary being is characterized by true attributes such as science, power, life, etc. is that first, the Almighty Necessary being, in the level of Essence, possesses all the attributes of perfection; second, these attributes do not lead to plurality and composition of the Essence, but each of them is identical with the Essence and all of His Essence; and third, each of these attributes are identical with each other.