A Review on Production Methods of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) and its Application Development in Space Propulsion

Owing to the prime importance of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) as an oxidizer in solid propellants, its synthesis has received a great amount of interest. There have been several new and innovative synthesis routes developed by researcher’s worldwide. Liquid-fuel rockets consist of a fuel and oxygen (or other oxidizer) in liquid state. These components are already being combined together or combined in a combustion chamber and ignited them. Can be controlled the fuel flow to the engine, regulated the amount of thrust produced and turned off the engine. Many factors go into choosing a propellant for a liquid propellant rocket engine. The primary factors include ease of operation, cost, hazard, environment and performance. For commercial and military use, hydrazine has been the standard liquid monopropellant since 1960s. Increased environmental awareness and safety issues in handling hydrazine made the propellant community to find other liquid monopropellant alternatives. Over the year’s nontoxic liquid monopropellants based of ADN have been experimented by scientists all over the world. In terms of specific impulse, ADN based monopropellant outperforms hydrazine. This paper reviews the preparation, characterization and functional testing of liquid propellant based ADN is presented.