Theoretical explanation of the external causes of the formation of the Syrian crisis and the behaviors of the actors based on the balance of power theory

Syria is one of the most important and strategic countries in the Middle East, which has always been considered because of neighboring with Israel, Lebanon, Iraq and Turkey. With the start of the Arab Spring and social upheavals in the Middle East, this country did not stay safe and there are protest sparks in Some areas of the country. Gradually and over time, the peaceful protests turned into intense and armed opposition between protesters and Syrian government forces. Continued violence has led to the opening up of various regional and trans-regional powers, each of which has entered into conflict with special intention, over time and shortly after the crisis, their alignment on the two fronts (supporters of the status quo, the advocates of changing the status quo) Is easily detectable. This study seeks to answer the question that; what is the external (regional and trans-regional) cause of the formation and intensification of the Syrian crisis? Research findings indicate that the collapse of the regional balance of power resulting from structural and brokerage developments in West Asia over the past two decades, has caused the Syrian crisis to emerge, and the intervention of trans-regional powers in the security scene of the region has exacerbated the crisis. The research is descriptive-analytic and data collection method is of a library type.