The Survey of Presidential Authority over Budget Affairs, Constitutional Limitation and Ambiguity

The Executive Power is responsible for the enforcement of the laws which have been passed by the Islamic Parliament as well as performing a wide range of tasks in various areas, including economic, social and cultural affairs which have been entrusted by the legislator. The implementation of these laws aims to achieve the development (in our country) which increase the importance of presidential authority as head of the Executive branch. On the other hand, the Executive requires to provide necessary financial resources through annual budget as well as having the authority over budgeting in order to achieve its legal planning and goals. According to the Articles (52) (the first paragraph) as well as Article (126) of the Constitution, developing a budget bill as well as significant budgeting competences have been assigned to the government respectively. But due to the existing ambiguities as well as considering other Constitutional principles also authorities which have been assigned to the legislators and other governmental institutions under the Constitution (in the field of budgeting), these competences have been challenged and restricted seriously. Therefore, the Executive efficacy has been undermined as well as the balance of power has been disturbed. Results of the research which has been conducted based on descriptive-analytical method through using library databases indicate that there is an imbalance of power among three branches of government in a bid to prepare budgeting process as well as approving annual budget laws of the country. Finally, these mentioned ambiguities in some related principles will intensify the existing imbalance of powers.