Measuring the Vocabulary Variation Feature in Literary Style, A Comparative Study of Examples of Proses by Ibn al-Motafa, Jahiz and Abu Hajin Tohidi

Abstract Literary criticism is one of the important literary arenas that helps us to recognize the privileged literature, and it has based its evaluation on solid evidence, one of the most important of which is the literary style used by author to write his literary work. Vocabulary variation is one of the stylistic methods that, by measuring and comparing it in literary texts of writers, we can find the treasure of existing vocabulary available to each author. In fact, the statistical aspect in the study of literary styles is one of the fundamental criteria for the evaluation of literary texts. The importance of this review in the field of literary criticism, as an important step in avoiding mere speculation and analysis, is to understand the authors' styles. There are many ways to achieve the size of the vocabulary treasure for the various writers. The method we have chosen in this study is Johnson's method, which by measuring the similar and different vocabulary in literary texts of a writer and comparing it with other authors' texts, it presents a clear and comparative picture of the vocabulary variety in the literary texts of three great Abbasid writers, namely, Ibn al-Moghaafā, Jahez, and Abu Hayan Touhidi. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method, by comparing the styles of these authors, concluded that Jahez's style has the most diverse vocabulary than the other two authors, and there is very little difference between Ibn al-Moghaafā's style and Abu Hayan Touhidi's style. The main factor behind these differences is the scientific environment in which Jahez has lived and studied.