The Association Between Body Mass Index and Comorbidity, Quality of Life, and Cognitive Function in the Elderly Population

Debate still exists regarding physical and cognitive factors associated with Body MassIndex (BMI) in the elderly population. This study aimed to determine the association between BMIand comorbidity, Quality of Life (QOL), and cognitive function in the elderly population. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to January 2018. Theparticipants included 246 old people who referred to Imam Reza elderly clinic, Shiraz, Iran. Thedata were collected using Leipad Quality of Life Questionnaire and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE). Indeed, weight and height were measured to assess the BMI. The data were entered intoSPSS, version 21, and analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient, andmultiple regression analysis. This study showed that 104 (47%) of the participants were overweight and obese. Themean±SD score of QOL was 46.14±12.01. Additionally, 93 (37.8%) of the participants had cognitiveimpairment. The results showed a significant difference among normal weight, overweight, and obesegroups regarding the mean scores of QOL (P<0.001) and cognitive function (P<0.001). Moreover,29% of the changes in BMI was explained by QOL, cognitive function, and having hypertensionand cancer. Among these variables, the associations between BMI and QOL (r=–0.52, P<0.001) andcognitive function (r=–0.28, P<0.001) were significant. The results showed that half of the old people suffered from overweight and obesity.Moreover, roughly one-third had cognitive impairment. In addition, BMI was associated with QOLand cognitive function in the elderly. Therefore, healthcare workers might use these findings to design prevention and treatment programs targeting the elderly population.