Introducing Microchip Technology with Application in Crime Detection

Microchip laboratory is an instrument consisting of one or several laboratory agents on a microchip. This microchip laboratory is a device that enables the mixing and integration of several laboratory operations on one single chip only. The microchip laboratory deals with liquid currents with very little volume (about nanoliter or picoliter) on micron canals which are used for chemical analysis by single or multiple processes inside the chip. Advantages of a laboratory on-chip include less liquid consumption for analysis, the shorter period of conducting tests and results, better control of processes, suitability for comprehensive analyses with high operational capability, lower costs of manufacture in mass production, laboratory safety such as criminal studies and criminal records and higher validity of resulted data. The vast applications of this technology in judicial science include precise determination of biological samples and conducting criminal records and detecting unknown corpses, biological samples, forensic medicine, conducting diagnostic tests and so on. By using the laboratory technology in chip, the test time has reached from several hours or several days down to one minute. As it is known, DNA tests are done in criminal cases. DNA tests are conducted to determine a crime of innocence. The DNA-based biochip can perform DNA analysis at crime scenes. Moreover, the DNA-based biochip can be used for identity tests including identity of parents and pedigree.