Epistemology in Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism

The present paper deals with epistemology and its mechanism; it addresses the formation of knowledge and consciousness in the human mind in the realm of acquired knowledge, including imagination and judgment based on the view of Muslim philosophers, and the way of acquiring knowledge in the three levels of primary intelligibles, logical secondary intelligible and philosophical secondary intelligible according to Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy based on the abstraction of the human soul. Moreover, the mechanism of mystical knowledge based on Knowledge by Presence, whose origin lies in man's heart, is examined from the view point of epistemologists. In addition, the nature of mystical experiences arising from epistemologists' Knowledge by Presence and the criteria and reasons of the truth and falsehood of these revelations are analyzed, and the high level of knowledge based on the reality of certainty and the unification of epistemology and ontology of the mystic in the third journey is presented.